Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Aprilo 2008

La 3-an de Aprilo

Fivortoj: How to talk dirty in Esperanto

Cheap travel, new friends, international understanding—it's all well and good. But let's be honest: one of the best things about learning a new language is discovering all the new ways to shout obscenities. Right?

Entire books have been written about foul language in Esperanto, but a good place to start is this funny, somewhat disgusting, but nevertheless linguistically sound essay in English titled How to talk dirty in Esperanto. (Warning: not for the prudish!) There's also this dictionary of practical obscenities—complete with bawdy song lyrics.

In class

  • More correlatives: neni- (no-) words.
    • neniu = “no one” or “none of”
    • nenio = “nothing”
    • nenie = “nowhere”
    • neniel = “in no way”, “no how”
    • nenial = “for no reason”
    • neniom = “no amount”
  • Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd) are adjectives, and take the -a ending:
    • Tri = Three
    • Tria = Third
  • Kioma? —La ...-a

    While kiom? (how much?) asks for an amount or a cardinal number (unu, du, tri), kioma? asks for an ordinal (unua, dua, tria).

    • Kiom da arboj estas en la ĝardeno? —Naŭ arboj.
    • Kioma horo estas? —La naŭa horo.
  • The preposition je has an indefinite meaning at, on, by, etc., and is used when no other more specific preposition applies.

    Kioma horo estas? —Estas la sesa horo.
    Je kioma horo li venos? —Li venos je la sepa horo.

  • Weekdays

    lundo (Monday)
    mardo (Tuesday)
    merkredo (Wednesday)
    ĵaŭdo (Thursday)
    vendredo (Friday)
    sabato (Saturday)
    dimanĉo (Sunday)

    Months

    Januaro (January)
    Februaro (February)
    Marto (March)
    Aprilo (April)
    Majo (May)
    Junio (June)
    Julio (July)
    Aŭgusto (August)
    Septembro (September)
    Oktobro (October)
    Novembro (November)
    Decembro (December)

Handouts

Solutions to chapter #5 • Chapter #6 • Fabelo: la tri kaproj • akuzativo-ŝerco

Homework

  • Read chapter #6 and do the exercises.
  • Watch part 4 of Mazi.

La 10-an de Aprilo

En la klaso

Ni legis kaj re-spektis (re-watched) la kvaran parton de Mazi.

  • Kiel? ...-e.

    Questions with kiel (how, in what way?) often seek an answer with an adverbial -e ending:

    Kiel li kuris? —Li kuris rapide.
    Kiel vi fartas? —Mi fartas bone.

  • -e expressing time

    Kiam vi ludas futbalon? —Mi ludas lunde. = I play on Monday(s).

  • The suffix -iĝ-

    -iĝ- means to become, turn, grow, or come to be.

    malhela = dark, dim; malheliĝi = to grow dark
    plena = full; pleniĝi = to become full, fill up

Handouts

Solutions to chapter #6 • Chapter #7 • 3-a tradukekzerco de Mazi

Hejmtasko

  • Read chapter 7 and do the exercises.
  • Try the translation exercise for part 3 of Mazi and make sure you understand the material. Let me know if you have any questions!
  • Spektu la 5-an parton de Mazi.

La 17-an de Aprilo

In class

  • Comparisons: pli... (ol) and plej... (el)
    • Silvja estas pli alta ol Karlo.
    • Mazi estas la plej alta el ĉiuj.
    • Pli alta. Malpli alta. Pli malalta. Malpli malalta.
  • -ig causes (brings about) the state expressed in the root:
    • La komputilo ne haltas, do la reĝo provas haltigi ĝin.
    • La reĝino igis Mazi ruĝa. Ŝi ruĝigis lin.
  • La lumilo videbligas la biciklon en pluvo.
    • vidi = to see
    • videbla = visible
    • videbligi = to make visible

Handouts

Solutions to chapter #7 • Chapter #8 • slides

Hejmtasko

  • Read chapter 8 and do the exercises.
  • Spektu la 6-an parton de Mazi.

Books

Usually the quickest and least expensive source of Esperanto books for Americans is the book service of Esperanto-USA, which ships from California. More extensive is the libroservo of UEA in the Netherlands, but shipping is more expensive and transit times are much longer. (You may want to consider joining Esperanto-USA; members receive discounts from the book service, along with a bi-monthly newsletter and other benefits.)

For sources of free, online books, see our “links” section. For readers at various levels, see the related categories in the E-USA Catalog. (Titles by Sten Johansson are particularly good.) Below are shortcuts to some recommended books that continuing students might want in paper form. Prices are current as of April, 2008.

Richardson, David. Esperanto: Learning and Using the International Language. 2004. ISBN: 0939785064. 368pp. $15.00.
A nice English-language textbook concentrating on practical communication. Included is a graded reader worth the price of the book alone, including stories, letters, and poetry that gradually introduce more advanced usage and vocabulary. The book concludes with an abridged Esperanto-to-English dictionary.

Benson, Peter. Comprehensive English-Esperanto Dictionary. 1995. ISBN: 0939785021. 607pp. $27.00. (Paperback ISBN: 093978503X, $20.00)
Benson's dictionary is the most complete English-to-Esperanto dictionary available.

Evans, Edmund Grimley. EAB Mini-Dictionary
A handy pocket-size dictionary containing several thousand words, in both directions. 2003. 64p. ISBN 0902756206. $7.20

Mclinen, Andrew. Pocket Esperanto Dictionary.
A useful bi-directional dictionary. Much more comprehensive than the EAB Mini-Dictionary. 2001. 406p. ISBN 92 9017 072-7. $25.20

MacGill, Stefan. La Laŭta Vekhorloĝo.
A fun collection of short stories, games, puzzles, exercises to help the post-basic Esperanto student. Illustrated by Pavel RAK. 1988. ISBN 9635712464. 200pp. $11.90

Piron, Claude. Gerda Malaperis!
Simple suspense story, mostly dialogue, vocabulary of 450 roots. Ideal for beginners. 48p. $7.90. (Note: also available online at Lernu!)

Auld, William (ed.) Nova Esperanta Krestomatio.
An extensive reader with model examples of Esperanto literature: both original, and translated from more than 70 languages. 1991. 509p. 205x150. Bound. ISBN 9290170433. $21.50

Kolker, Boris. Vojaĝo en Esperanto-Lando.
An advanced course and guide to Esperanto culture. Numerous short stories, poems and articles selected for interest and didactic value. Each lesson is heavily annotated with explanatory notes, and concludes with a series of questions for "practice of the language." Lots and lots of illustrations. (Note: several chapters are available online at Lernu!)

Wennergren, Bertilo. Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko. 2005. ISBN 0939785072. 696pp. $27.00 A detailed and accessible study of Esperanto grammar, word-building and usage norms. Not necessarily for beginners, but an invaluable reference. (Note: Also available online! See our links section.)

Currently unavailable, but soon to be back in print


La 24-an de Aprilo

Paperoj

Solvoj de la oka ĉapitro • La naŭa ĉapitro

Hejmtasko

  • Legu la naŭan ĉapitron kaj faru la ekzercojn.
  • Nur se vi volas: Legu la artikolon pri manĝbastonetoj el Juna Amiko kaj la bonegan rakonteton La Laŭta Vekhorloĝo de Stefan MacGill. (Pardonon, sed tiuj du ne estas haveblaj per-rete (online).)
Ek al Majo…